Friends of Refugees

A U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program Watchdog Group

Archive for the ‘suicide’ Category

State Department Spokeswoman Says Resettlement Guidelines Don’t Consider Crime Rates

Posted by Christopher Coen on December 28, 2011

An article in the San Francisco Chronicle identifies the many Iraqi refugees who have been attacked in East Oakland. In response, the State Department’s PRM spokeswoman, Beth Schlachter, reminds us about its lax, partner-friendly regulations by saying that the department’s guidelines for relocating refugees don’t even consider crime rates (funny how that works). A reader commenting on the article reminds us that Bosnian refugees had similar problems in the 90s, so the private resettlement agencies and their friends at government oversight agencies have obviously long-known about this problem. Refugees from Burma/Myanmar in the area have also experienced muggings and robberies, as have refugees from Bhutan/Nepal. The article details the situation in Oakland for Iraqi refugees:

…In June 2008, [Ghazwan Al-Sharif] moved in with two other Iraqi refugees, sharing a two-bedroom apartment in Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood – a situation arranged by the nonprofit International Rescue Committee…

…One night, he decided to walk home alone. Two men attacked him, bashing him in the face with a metal object and robbing him of some money, his cell phone and his ID. He was left screaming on the ground, his face gushing blood.

He said the police never identified his attackers.

Al-Sharif, 40, is one of more than 50 Iraqi refugees who have been moved to East Oakland by the International Rescue Committee. The nonprofit’s officials say they won’t settle refugees in unsafe neighborhoods, but Al-Sharif and dozens of other Iraqis blame the organization for exposing them to an unfamiliar type of violence – one perpetrated by gangs rather than political militants…

…Like many of his fellow Bay Area refugees, Al-Sharif does not believe the International Rescue Committee has done enough. “Why are you putting them in Oakland and letting them suffer?” he said, referring to his fellow refugees. “I want to be safe. … I can find work and manage to survive, but I need to be safe.”

Oakland as refuge

Oakland has a long history of hosting immigrants from around the world. Affordable housing, easy access to city services, efficient transportation such as BART, and an accepting, multicultural society make the city a great place for refugees, said rescue committee spokeswoman Melissa Winkler.

But the nonprofit receives only $1,800 in federal funding to provide each refugee with housing, employment and other basic needs. That doesn’t go far in the Bay Area, and refugees are expected to be financially self-sufficient within four months.

That’s why the IRC chose to resettle many of them in Oakland, where housing is often inexpensive…

…Unfortunately, the city also has one of the country’s highest crime rates, according to federal statistics and other studies.

Beth Schlachter, spokeswoman for the Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration at the State Department, said government guidelines for relocating refugees don’t consider crime rates. The requirements for “decent, safe and sanitary housing,” she said, extend only “from the apartment itself to the building or apartment complex they’re living in.”…

…[Harith Al-Kaiate, 47] hasn’t forgotten the time a nighttime gunfight near his home left his car, which was parked outside, riddled with bullets…

…Ragheed Abdulameer, 32, another recent arrival, [was] robbed at gunpoint earlier this year just a few blocks from his home at East 24th Street and 14th Avenue…One of Abdulameer’s friends has yet to bring his wife and children from Iraq, believing they’re safer in Basra. The friend declined to be interviewed or identified for this article, saying he fears retaliation from federal authorities and the rescue committee.

More than a dozen Iraqi refugees who have been resettled in Oakland say they live in varying degrees of fear.

“Had I known about this place, I’d never have agreed to come,” said Oday Fatah, 33…

…the only solution for you is to get beaten or mugged and then you can get out,” quipped Al-Sharif, who says he became depressed and attempted suicide after he was mugged. His condition persuaded the International Rescue Committee to help relocate him to San Francisco.

The rescue committee agreed to move another refugee and his family after he was shot multiple times in a drive-by shooting outside a Fruitvale mini-mart earlier this year, Climent said.

[Iraqi refugees who make it to the US] almost certainly suffered horrendous trauma in their home country.

“They’ve survived, and they’ve come to the U.S. to start a new life, and if you settle them in an environment like that, you bring back all these things,” Abdulkhaleq said… Read more here

Posted in dangerous neighborhoods, Iraqi, IRC, Oakland, PRM, public/private partnership, safety, San Francisco, State Department, suicide | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Preventing suicide in this multicultural society

Posted by Christopher Coen on September 9, 2011

An article in Malta News has some interesting advice about suicide prevention efforts that might be useful for those who work with refugees. Risk factors have both similarities and differences across cultural and ethnic groups, although care must be taken not to stereotype since each individual has their own beliefs, attitudes, understandings, thoughts, and knowledge. Use of interpreters from tight local ethnic communities presents a risk. Universally helpful strategies include cultural competence in social service workers as well as emphasis on experiences of connectedness in refugee communities. Communities that are well-integrated and cohesive may be suicide preventive. Last year we noted refugee suicides here and here.

World Suicide Prevention Day is held on September 10th each year. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness around the globe that suicide can be prevented. Disseminating information, improving education and training, and decreasing stigmatization are important tasks in such an endeavor. The theme in 2011 is “Preventing Suicide in Multicultural Societies.”

The themes of the last two years of the World Suicide Prevention Day have focused on suicide prevention in different cultures across the world. This year’s theme aims at raising awareness of the fact that all countries in the world are multicultural. Many countries harbor
different minority groups, in the form of various indigenous and/or immigrant groups, refugees and/or asylum seekers…

Risk factors for suicide vary across cultural groups. Knowledge about common risk factors in a society often stems from research in majority populations. However, in a multicultural context awareness is needed in that some risk factors may play different roles in the suicidal process as well as in suicide prevention for some minority groups compared to the majority population… In addition, other factors that might have a different impact on minorities compared to the majority population are attitudes towards suicidal behavior and suicidal people (e.g. taboo, stigma), religion and spirituality, and family dynamics (gender roles and responsibilities).

Studies have shown that stereotyping might be common in the health and social care system in dealing with minority groups. Therefore, care is needed in distinguishing between how the rules and traditions of a cultural group define how members of that group may or should behave and how individuals from a cultural group actually do behave. Stereotypes must not rule what is perceived or done… In the health and social care system the individual must not be met as a representative of a cultural group, but be allowed to be themselves with their own beliefs, attitudes, understandings, thoughts, and
knowledge…

…Gender issues and racism in therapeutic settings are important to be aware of in multicultural societies. Use of interpreters in the health and social care system also requires special attention when a sensitive issue such as suicide is on the agenda. Often, minority populations in a community are small and interpreters are recruited from the same social circle as the client. If suicidality is particularly taboo or stigmatized in the minority group, it may be necessary to check the interpreters’ attitudes towards suicidal behavior and suicidal people because these might affect both what is being said by the client as well as what is translated and how by the interpreter…

…Even though suicide is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon with cultural differences, there are still some suicide prevention efforts that might have “universal” effect.

  • Experiences of connectedness are important in the mental health and wellbeing of all people. Thus, communities that are well integrated and cohesive may be suicide preventive.
  • Educating professionals of health and social services as well as communities in general about how to identify people at risk for suicide, encouraging those who need it to seek help, and providing them with needed and adequate help can reduce rates of suicide. These efforts require both cultural sensitivity and cultural competence… Read more here

Posted in alienation-isolation, safety, suicide | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Bhutanese refugees in Oregon – cheated out of wages, some suicidal, yet still with hope and gratitude

Posted by Christopher Coen on December 24, 2010

The author of this Op-ed, Som N. Subedi, about Bhutanese refugees in Oregon sent us the link to the article. Read the OregonLive article for the full story. Below is an excerpt. 

I am a refugee from Bhutan. In the early days after my arrival to Portland, I would call friends and family in the refugee camps in Nepal, telling them the United States is close to heaven and they should try to come as soon as possible.

Now, nearly two years later, I see those newly arrived struggling; they question me about my “heaven.” Some say they would return, if it were possible, to their dark refugee camps rather than face their desperate situations in Oregon. I have come to feel that “the
American dream” is dangerous, because people come here with great expectations. I have stopped calling the camps in Nepal…

…The Bhutanese, the newest refugee community in Oregon, began arriving in early 2008. More than 33,000 now live in the United States — including more than 400 in the Portland metro area — as part of a State Department resettlement program. Another 30,000 are expected to arrive in the U.S. over the next three years — destined to face an economic crisis that adds to the challenges of their integration…

…When the United States opened its door to refugees from Bhutan, we jumped at the opportunity. But a three-day orientation overseas did not prepare us for life in America. We were told how to use a toilet or fasten a seatbelt, but nothing about how to deal with a lack of employment opportunities. Bhutanese refugees suffer intense culture shock when they arrive in the U.S. Separation from family and from everything familiar is overwhelming, as is the trauma of war and refugee camp life…

For some, the pressure is too great. Suicide among refugees is a real and growing concern in the United States. Already, eight Bhutanese refugees have hung themselves in four states since 2009. Suicide by a refugee has an added poignancy: Refugees believe they are coming to start a new life, not to end it.

Although no suicide has occurred in Oregon, I have met several Bhutanese refugees here who have contemplated suicide due to their dire financial circumstances. Thankfully I was able to connect them to resources and counseling and tried to give them hope for the future.

Even refugees who do find work must deal with discrimination and injustice. Many are hired for low pay, asked to work extra hours, and some are not paid for the work. They are vulnerable, because they are not fluent in English and do not know their rights. Earlier this year, several Bhutanese men working at a downtown Portland restaurant were cheated of their paychecks. It took two months for community leaders to persuade the restaurant owners to pay them.

Bhutanese refugees are very thankful to the U.S. government and to Oregonians for welcoming them to this community and providing hope and an opportunity for a new life. But we need more support to thrive here. Families are simply not prepared for the complexity of American life. We need longer individual and group orientations, more vocational training, and more civic engagement. Portland resettlement agencies need volunteers and mentors to help refugees with school registration, transportation, and orientation in Oregon and in American culture… Read more here

Posted in Nepali Bhutanese, Oregon, suicide | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , | Leave a Comment »

What’s going on with Sudanese youth?

Posted by Christopher Coen on December 7, 2010

There is an interesting article in the Alternet about the Sudanese community in Nebraska. This is the single largest group of former Sudanese refugees in the US. Many of the Sudanese youth are fighting and joining gangs. Reasons for this disturbing trend include their families’ migration from a homeland in conflict, a difficult to adapt to (completely different from their own) US culture, parents who no longer discipline their children due to US laws against beating children, to youth dropping out of school after schools place them in grades way above their education level. In addition this second generation of immigrants has learned English much more rapidly than their parents and are able to manipulate their parents’ interaction with other members of the community, such as school officials and the police.

..early 8,000 miles away from the violence in Darfur [and southern Sudan], Sudanese residents of Omaha are experiencing their own share of turbulence in this unassuming Midwestern city. And they’re fed up with it…

…Bruce Ferrell, a retired Omaha police officer, is the chairman of the Midwest Gang Investigators Association estimates that there are three Sudanese gangs in Omaha right now (More claims there are fourteen.) Ferrell said the first gangs in Omaha began in 2004–MJ, a Nuer acronym for “Dog Pussy,” and Afrikan Pride. Others followed, like MOB, GBLOCK, 402 (the area code for eastern Nebraska), South Sudan Soldiers, and TripSet. Gang members are mostly Nuer and Dinka, and, predictably, live in low-income neighborhoods. They are the children of refugees or are refugees themselves, coming from camps in Ethiopia, Egypt, and beyond, but ending up adrift in the middle of America…

…”They’re doing graffiti, they’re wearing colors, they’re identifying by specific group names, they’re participating in crimes that are against rival Sudanese gangs. We’re seeing that more [in the past year].”… Read more here

I think what is good about South Sudanese is that they have a strong identity and pride in their culture. Sometimes pride can also be a downfall – for us all – as in the old proverb “pride does often go before the fall”, but I think what’s happening here is a generation who doesn’t yet know who they are. Are they South Sudanese or America? Trapped between? Its a hard road to travel.

Posted in alienation-isolation, Lutheran Family Services of Nebraska, men, mental health, Nebraska, Omaha, police, school for refugee children, South Sudanese, suicide, teenagers, teens, young adults | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Suicide prevention efforts needed in refugee resettlement program

Posted by Christopher Coen on September 18, 2010

A string of continuing suicides among Nepali-Bhutanese refugees in the U.S. convinces me that the refugee resettlement agencies need to begin making some efforts in suicide prevention.

The latest to occur is a suicide by hanging of a 35-year-old female Nepali-Bhutanese refugee in Buffalo, NY, reported in Nepal News. The woman had just arrived in the U.S. in June.

A Bhutanese refugee resettled in New York, USA committed suicide by hanging herself at her apartment, Rastriya Samachar Samiti (RSS) reported.

Nirmala Gurung, 35, committed suicide at her apartment when her spouse was not at home, RSS reported quoting Prakash Dhamala, a Nepali journalist based in the US.

The reason for the suicide is not known. Gurung had gone to the US in June this year under the third country settlement scheme for the Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. here

The incident follows the suicide of another Nepali-Bhutanese refugee in Nashville, and another in Pittsburgh, here.

Resettlement is an extremely stressful experience for refugees, especially for those who have a history of depression or stress-elated disorders brought on by previous trauma. We need to have a suicide prevention hotline that refugees can call and be able to speak with someone, if necessary, in their own language. Resettlement agencies should give each refugee a card with the hotline phone number. I searched the internet for information about suicide prevention efforts for refugees and I cant find anything.

If anyone knows of any efforts by the resettlement agencies in suicide prevention for refugees please let us know.

*UPDATE* Dec. 3, 2010 - A refugee commits suicide in Phoenix.

Posted in Buffalo, mental health, Nepali Bhutanese, suicide | Tagged: , , , , , , , , | Leave a Comment »

The Refugee Syndrome: Exploring the psychology of Bhutanese refugees in NYC‏

Posted by Christopher Coen on April 20, 2010

Wui Liang LIM, an M.S Candidate and reporter from Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, and his colleague, Nikolia Apostolou, recently completed their Master’s Thesis about Bhutanese refugees in New York City. The title is — The Refugee Syndrome: Exploring the psychology of Bhutanese refugees in NYC‏. It’s a multimedia project that explores the psychology of these refugees as they adapt to life in the Big Apple (here).

The IRC declined interviews for the documentary.

In the documentary I noted that Bill Frelick of Human Rights Watch (formerly of the USCRI volag) says that psychiatry may be a solution for refugees’ depression, but does he know how refugees fare with the American mental health system? Will they take pills every day for depression? Many of the male refugees I know will not do that, as they think it is a sign of weakness. People from non-Western cultures also often don’t like our therapy style – i.e. sitting in an office with a stranger and talking about their problems. Wouldn’t it be a better idea for resettlement agencies to try to help ease refugees’ isolation?

By the way, I found the blog of Thakur Prasad Mishra, the Nepali-Bhutanese refugee journalist featured in the documentary. He writes about how dangerous the Bronx neighborhood is where IRC resettled the refugees. A 16-year-old Bhutanese refugee boy was beaten-up three times while walking on the street. (scroll down to August 4, 2009 entry titled Question of Security, here).

An article in the New York Times in September 2009 reported that the IRC had placed the Nepali Bhutanese refugees in a Bronx apartment building with a weed-choked front courtyard and grimy staircases (here). The refugees’ apartments were only furnished with a couple of bureaus and several beds that doubled as couches, and little else (check out the actual State Dept. refugee contract requirements, here). Is this why the IRC doesn’t want to talk about it?

Jit Bahadur Pradhan

The documentary also points to two suicides by Bhutanese refugees in recent months. One of those was 60-year-old Jit Bahadur Pradhan who killed himself on Jan. 11 due to depression (here and here). The USCCB resettled him to Pittsburgh on Dec. 2, 2009 via its Catholic Charities Diocese of Pittsburgh affiliate.

“He was found dead hanging in a laundry room Friday morning,” Bhanu Phuyel, another refugee resettled in the same city, told ekantipur.com from the US….Six members of the family were sharing a two-bed room apartment along with another family with four people. They had not received any other facility except food card.

[Jit Bahadur Pradhan] was annoyed with the circumstances, and used to complain with his two sons that the situation there was no better than in the camp in Nepal.

More than 150 Bhutanese refugees…have been resettled in Pittsburgh and outlying areas including Prospect Park and Green Tree. Sixty of them are working in a food-packing company.

Another Bhutanese refugee committed suicide in Nashville.

*UPDATE* Dec. 3, 2010 - Another refugee has committed suicide, this time in Phoenix.

Posted in Catholic Charities Diocese of Pittsburgh, mental health, Nepali Bhutanese, New York, NYC, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, suicide, USCCB | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 5 Comments »

 
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